Njengamanje, iningi lokupakisha ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo alikwazi ukuphinda lisetshenziswe. Abakhiqizi abakhulu namaqembu afana ne-Pet Sustainability Alliance bafuna ukushintsha lokho.
Imboni yokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, eyaziwa ngezikhwama zayo ezinkulu neziningi okunzima ukuzisebenzisa kabusha, isibe ngomunye wemikhakha yakamuva yokucabanga kabusha ngokupakisha kwayo okuguquguqukayo. Imiklamo yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakheka okulula kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kuya ngokuya kuba yinto eza kuqala kumabhrendi.
Abathengi basebenzisa izigidigidi zamaRandi ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo minyaka yonke, kanti i-United States ikhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu-300 ezikhwama zepulasitiki zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nokudla okumnandi, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenzelwe imboni. Njengamanje, iningi lalezi zinto azikwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe. Kodwa njengoba izizukulwane ezincane nezihlala isikhathi eside ziqala ukutshala imali eningi ekubeni nezilwane ezifuywayo, isidingo soshintsho siyakhula.
“Abathengi bafuna ukupakisha okungaphinde kusetshenziswe, okungafakwa umquba, noma okungaphinde kusetshenziswe,” kusho uChristine Mallier, umphathi wezokugcinwa kwemvelo kwaPetcurean. I-Petcurean yinkampani yaseCanada eyenza imikhiqizo ye-Go! Solutions, Now Fresh, kanye ne-Gather. “Isikhathi eside, izindleko beziphezulu kakhulu.”
Izikhwama ezivamile zokudla kwezilwane ezomile (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-kibble) zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, ezibonakala zingenakuphuka ezimbozwe ngephepha noma ipulasitiki elenziwe ngensimbi ukuze kulondolozwe ukudla futhi kuvinjelwe amafutha ukuthi angavuzi. Ingaphandle lesikhwama livame ukuba nesiphetho esikhazimulayo. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zikhwama zenziwe ngephepha nepulasitiki, kunzima ukuzisebenzisa kabusha.
Izinkampani zokupakisha seziqalile ukukhiqiza izikhwama zisebenzisa i-polyethylene kanye ne-ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) futhi zifuna ezinye izindlela zokwenza lula umklamo wazo.
Lokhu kushukuma kuvela ngokwengxenye emizamweni yezinkampani ezinkulu zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifana nePurina, iHill's, kanye neMars, ezenze izibopho zokuzinza ezihlanganisa ukupakisha. I-Purina ithi cishe ama-90% okupakisha kwayo kwepulasitiki eNyakatho Melika "aklanyelwe ukuphinda asetshenziswe," futhi inkampani ihlose ukufinyelela izinga lokuphinda asetshenziswe lama-95% ngo-2025.
I-Pet Sustainability Alliance engenzi nzuzo yethule isithembiso sayo sokuzinza ngo-2022 ukukhuthaza izinhlobo zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ukuthi zishintshele ekupakisheni okungasetshenziswa kabusha, okungasetshenziswa kabusha, kanye/noma okunomanyolo ngo-2025.
“Sibona iSithembiso Sokupakisha njengethuba elihle lokusiza imboni yemikhiqizo yezilwane ukuthi ifinyelele ezixazululweni ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi yindawo enobungane iyonke,” kusho u-Ali Boden, umphathi omkhulu wohlelo lokupakisha e-PSC.
Imikhiqizo eyishumi nantathu isisayine lesi sithembiso, okuhlanganisa i-Earth Animal, i-Instinct, kanye ne-Petcurean, futhi isiqala ukuthola ukuthandwa phakathi kwezinkampani ezincane zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Umgomo wenhlangano ukukhuthaza ushintsho ngenkathi ibamba imikhiqizo futhi iwahlanganise ngemigomo efanayo.
I-PSC inikeza amaqembu asayinile ukufinyelela emakethe yezinkampani zokupakisha ezihlolwe kusengaphambili njenge-Ahlstrom ne-Printpack, okubenza bakwazi ukuthola ukupakisha kusuka ezixazululweni ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, ezingasetshenziswa kabusha nezingasetshenziswa umanyolo. I-PSC iphinde inikeze amalungu ayo amathuluzi anjengosizo ekuthuthukiseni amalebula okusebenzisa kabusha kanye nezeluleko zokuklama ukupakisha.
I-Petcurean, ebilokhu isebenza ne-PSC iminyaka eminingana, ithe ukuzibophezela kwayo ukuthi iveze obala mayelana nokuthuthukiswa okuhleliwe.
Ngaphambilini, izikhwama zenkampani zazenziwe ngezendlalelo eziningi ze-PET, okwakunzima ukuzisebenzisa kabusha. Manje zenziwe nge-polyethylene ephansi (LDPE), ipulasitiki eguquguqukayo, engadabuki, futhi ukwakheka kwazo kwezinto ezilodwa kungenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa kabusha esikhathini esizayo.
“Kudingeka wenze uphenyo lwakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukupakisha kuhlala kusha futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside njengekokugcina,” kusho uMallier, ephawula ukuthi i-LDPE ingakunikeza lokho, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi imikhiqizo ishintshele ngokuphelele kwenye iphakheji.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-EVOH, i-copolymer ye-thermoplastic eguquguqukayo, nakho kuyazuza isithakazelo kule ndawo. I-EVOH ivame ukuba nezinselele zokusebenzisa kabusha, kodwa ezinye izinkampani zibika ukuthola izixazululo.
I-Roastar ithi yasungula ukupakishwa kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okuhlanganisa isithiyo esicacile esinamathelisiwe esivimbela ukudla ukuthi kunamathele esikhwameni futhi esingase sisebenzise i-EVOH engasetshenziswa kabusha. Umhlinzeki wemishini yokupakisha i-Windmöller & Hölscher uphinde wathi ikhiqiza izikhwama zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ezinesendlalelo sesithiyo se-EVOH esihlanganisiwe.
Lezi zindlela zithinta nosayizi wezikhwama. Nakuba imboni yaziwa ngezikhwama ezinkulu ze-pellet ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-10 kuya kwangu-20, imiklamo eminingi emisha inesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-2.5 kuya kwangu-5.
UTroy Snader, iphini likamongameli omkhulu wentuthuko yokupakisha yesibili kwa-ProMach, uchaze ukuthi ushintsho lwenziwe ngoba umklamo omusha ungase ungasebenzi njengomklamo wangaphambilini onezingqimba eziningi ekugcineni imikhiqizo eyomile yomile ngenxa yezakhiwo ezivimbelayo.
"Kuseneminye imikhawulo kanye nemikhawulo embonini yokupakisha ngezinhlobo zemikhiqizo engapakishwa, kodwa izinto ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka," kusho uMallier.
Ukuhwebelana phakathi kokukhiqiza izikhwama eziningi nezincane nokunciphisa imfucuza kubhekwa njengokudingekile ukuze kufezwe ezinye izinzuzo zokusimama ezivela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuthuthela ku-PE kanye ne-EVOH eningi kudinga nokucatshangelwa kwezici zokukhiqiza.
I-ProMach ingeze izici ezintsha, njenge-nip rollers, ukuze iphathe lezi zinto ezintsha. Izindleko zokuvala i-polyethylene yokupakishwa kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo nazo zingaba phezulu ngoba inezinga lokushisa elincane kakhulu kunezinye izinto.
"Inselele kwakuwukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushisa kunokuba kufudunyezwe lonke ubude benduku njengoba kwakwenziwe ngaphambili," kusho uSnead.
Nakuba imboni iqhubekela phambili, ayikho imakethe ecacile yezikhwama zokudla zepulasitiki zezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nozakwabo “abazinzile”. Ukupakishwa kokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kungcoliswa kalula yizinsalela zokudla, okusho ukuthi ukuphinde kusetshenziswe kabusha akukuhle ezinhlelweni eziningi.
Izixazululo eziningi ezintsha zokupakisha ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo zitholakala kuphela ezinhlelweni zokubuyisela ukudla esitolo. Amanye amabhrendi, njengePetcurean kanye ne-Earthborn Holistic, abambisene ne-How2Recycle ukusebenzisa amalebula okubuyisela ukudla esitolo ezikhwama ze-HDPE kanye ne-LDPE.
Izinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha ziye zahlolwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngezizathu eziningana, futhi imakethe yalezi zinto cishe izokhula kuphela njengoba izikhungo eziningi zokuvuselela kabusha zamakhemikhali noma zesimanje zifika ku-inthanethi. I-Berry Global isanda kuthola ukuqashelwa ngokukhiqiza izikhwama zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo eziguquguqukayo ze-Hill's isebenzisa izithako ezithathwe kule nqubo, okubonisa ukuthi lo mkhuba ungathinta kanjani imakethe yokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Okwamanje, nakuba kungekho makethe ecacile yalezi zinhlelo eziningi, amaqembu okushintsha ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo athi kubalulekile ukuqala ukukhulisa ulwazi manje.
"Kunzima ukwenza abantu bayeke ukulahla udoti," kusho uMalil. "Ngokombono wabathengi, bangakwazi ukusekela izinkampani ezithatha lezi zinyathelo futhi zibe ngabaholi."
“Nakuba lezi zinto zingaphinde zisetshenziswe ngokobuchwepheshe, izindawo eziningi zokuvuselela kabusha ezisebenzisa umfudlana owodwa azinazo ingqalasizinda yokuzicubungula, noma azikho izimpahla eziqoqwe eceleni komgwaqo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukupakisha okuningi kwepulasitiki okuguquguqukayo kugcina sekuyindawo yokulahla udoti,” kusho inkampani, yengeza ngokuthi “sizobe sesilungile uma ingqalasizinda isikhona.”
Ukwanda kwengcindezi yokulawula kanye nomphakathi kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kudala ithuba lemakethe lemikhiqizo esekelwe ku-fiber. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Pulpex, i-Paboco, i-DS Smith nabanye zisiza amakhasimende ukuthi athuthukise amabhodlela amasha, amabhokisi nokuningi.
Isakhiwo sentela esilindelekile siyinkinga enkulu kwezinye izinkampani zokupakisha nezinto zokwakha, ezilungiselela nezingxoxo ezivuthiwe mayelana nezinqubomgomo ze-EPR kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali yediphozithi kulo nyaka.
Ukwanda kwengcindezi yokulawula kanye nomphakathi kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kudala ithuba lemakethe lemikhiqizo esekelwe ku-fiber. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Pulpex, i-Paboco, i-DS Smith nabanye zisiza amakhasimende ukuthi athuthukise amabhodlela amasha, amabhokisi nokuningi.
Isakhiwo sentela esilindelekile siyinkinga enkulu kwezinye izinkampani zokupakisha nezinto zokwakha, ezilungiselela nezingxoxo ezivuthiwe mayelana nezinqubomgomo ze-EPR kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali yediphozithi kulo nyaka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-07-2025